The erosion and sedimentation during the movement of the debris flow are key factors that influence the dynamic response of retaining structures and should be considered in the dynamic model of debris flows. This can significantly influence the kinetic energy and impact of the debris flow, impacting the structures on its flow path. High-speed moving solid-liquid debris flow mixtures with a large mass cause significant erosion and sedimentation on its flow path. Coupled numerical analysis can assess the potential effect of erosion and sedimentation, making a significant contribution to the assessment of the impact of debris flow and the design of retaining structures.Debris flows contain heavy sediment fluid and solid particles and are one of the most destructive and unpredictable geological disasters, threatening people’s lives and property. The study also found that the dynamic response considering the debris flow impact and the retaining structures of erosion and sedimentation is more pronounced than when not considering erosion and sedimentation. The results of this study are similar to existing literature and data, with the numerical analysis being consistent with the physical simulation tests in the existing literature, verifying the applicability of the SPH-DEM-FEM coupling analysis for assessing the debris flow impact retaining structures of erosion and sedimentation.
The impact process of the debris flow, the impact height behind the retaining dam, the deposition thickness, and the debris flow dynamic response significantly influence both with and without considering the effects of erosion. The coupled numerical analysis completely reproduces the debris flow erosion test, fitting the debris flow shape and thickness profile well. The strain-softening model was adopted to simulate the transformation of the debris flow body from the solid state to the transition state and finally into the liquid state. This paper adopted the coupled SPH-DEM-FEM to establish a complex dynamic model of the particle-fluid-erosion-structure of the debris flow and to assess the impact of erosion and sedimentation and analyse the dynamic response of the retaining structure of the debris flow. But the Brownian increase of every star's root mean square position from its initial value prevents the system from becoming very small.The erosion of debris flows on the material source will affect the movement and impact of the debris flow. These two properties are inconsistent with conservation of total energy, for the increase in kinetic energy must be compensated by a contraction of the system to decrease the potential energy. Correspondingly, the root mean square position of an average star also departs monotonically from its initial value. It makes the velocity undergo Brownian motion (for a Gaussian distribution of fluctuations) with an everincreasing root mean square value v rms ∝ t ½.
The results can always be checked against N-body computer experiments, and we will discuss their more exact derivation in Section 10.Īt first sight, the simplest model might seem to represent the motion of each star by Newton's equation of motion with a stochastic force β (t) which fluctuates in time, i.e. An advantage of this procedure is that it readily suggests modifications of the description for an improved physical picture. We use this intuitive physical picture to try to capture the essence of the problem in a fairly simple way. We now consider a simple mathematical model for the time evolution of orbits. Previous sections have made it plausible that an object in a gravitating system near equilibrium can be considered to be immersed in a bath of fluctuating forces, along with an average mean field force. The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.
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